![]() ![]() Therefore, chemical reactions can be observed directly. Moreover, an X-ray flash of the FEL lasts for only a 100 quadrillionths of a second - this is the time scale where chemical bonds form and atoms change their position. The peak brilliance of this new laser is a thousand times higher than those of the best current light sources in this wavelength range. These are the shortest wavelengths ever generated by an FEL. The free-electron laser at DESY generates very intense laser light at wavelengths below a 100 millionths of a millimeter, a range called soft X-ray radiation. Schneider, research director and head of the Hamburg Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory HASYLAB at DESY. "We use noble gas clusters as relatively simple model systems to understand fundamental processes which will be important for future investigations of technologically interesting materials or medically important biomolecules " explains Prof. ![]() Using small clusters of noble gas atoms, for the first time, researchers studied the interaction of matter with intense X-ray radiation from an FEL on extremely short time scales. Vacuum-insulated IMO-Type C tanks are used to store the LNG at cryogenic temperatures below the deck, offering improved resistance to brittle fractures caused by thermal contractions.ĭetails on the above benefits and the supporting studies were covered in the paper, Meeting Strict Regulations With LNG, presented by ST Engineering at OSEA 2018.An international group of scientists has published first experiments carried out using the new soft X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) at the research center DESY (Nature, vol 420, p 482-485 and p 467). Zum Beispiel, fuel gas systems feature double-walled LNG pipes that can withstand pressure build-up as well as contain gas in case of a leak. ST Engineering’s LNG ships are equipped with innovative features for the safe handling and storage of LNG gas. Safety is the biggest concern among LNG ship operators. Taking CAPEX and OPEX into account, the LNG Ropax broke even with its rivals within one year, with potential savings of up to S$23.4 million over a five-year period.Įnhanced Safety Assurance with ST Engineering’s Proven Design Experience The CAPEX for the LNG variant is estimated to be 10% higher than Nova Star, however its annual fuel cost was significantly lower than the Nova Star, which runs on HFO. Studies on the Nova Star also showed that LNG fuel is significantly more effective in lowering EEDI compared to various energy solutions available in the market.Ī comparison between Nova Star and its LNG variant was done to determine the capital ( CAPEX) and operating ( OPEX) expenditure of fulfilling the environmental regulations. ![]() A comparison between ST Engineering’s Nova Star( a HFO/MDO Roll-on/Roll-off passenger (Ropax) vessel, as shown in the hero picture) and its LNG-powered variant revealed a 25% decrease in carbon emission by converting HFO/MDO engines to LNG-powered systems. The Energy Efficiency Design Index ( EEDI) measures the mass of CO 2 emitted per tonne-mile. ![]() EIN 20% reduction in CO 2 emission can be achieved by switching from Heavy Fuel Oil/ Marine Diesel Oil ( HFO/MDO) to LNG. The main and auxiliary engines of a vessel are the main contributors of CO 2 emission. This amounts to a 1% reduction every year. Sizeable reduction in Carbon ( CO 2) emissionĪll ships built 2015 and onwards are required to reduce CO 2 emission by 5% every five years. LNG adoption eliminates SO x and PM emissions and complies fully with the sulphur mandate under MARPOL Annex VI, Regulation 14. LNG adoption, jedoch, would result in more than 90% reduction in NO x emissions.Įliminates Sulphur Oxides ( SO x) and Particulate Matter (PM)ĭurch 2020, the global sulphur cap will be reduced to 0.5% m/m, nahe bei 90% reduction from 2012. It would be challenging to achieve this with engine technology. More than 90% reduction in Nitrogen Oxides ( NO x) emissionĪll ships constructed from 2016 onwards and operating within Emission Control Areas must comply with Tier III emission standards specified under the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships ( MARPOL). Here are six ways ST Engineering’s LNG-powered marine solutions can deliver improved fleet performance. Demand for LNG vessels will soar as regulations on green and sustainable environments are increasingly implemented. ![]()
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